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Intel 10Q filing - We may cancel 14A if we do not win a large external customer

I agree this was a very good question to which LBT mumbled some generic answer only for Dave to intervene and answer.
- If 14A development is cancelled, Intel would have to outsource its CPU tiles to TSMC on notebooks, desktops and server (why? because AMD & Qualcomm are going to be on A14 for their chips by then, so if Intel wants to compete, then they have to)
- Right now, only a niche LNL & low volume of ARL-H & ARL-S are on TSMC, Xeons are still on Intel nodes. Rest are all Intel 7 or Intel 3 based notebooks. Intel said they are outsourcing about 30% of their wafers to TSMC. So, we can say that outsourcing is going to be >>30% wafers if 14A is dead in 2028.
- So now 30% of wafer outsourcing led to fab underutilization and foundry operating margins tanking from -20% in 2021 to -60% in 2024. Intel is saying 18A ramped to full volume and bringing most of the outsourced wafers back to Intel will lead them to breakeven in 2027 on Intel volume alone + some contribution from Intel 16, 12 & adv packaging.
- Foundry node trajectory - Intel 16 is ready, Intel 12 ready in 2027. Intel 6 likely ready in 2028+. Intel 18A/18A-P ready in 2025/2027.
- Idle fabs when 14A dies (2028/2029), Most of Intel 7, Intel 14 & Intel 3 because no one else can use it anymore. Let's assume Intel 3 will have uses for Intel's own products for base tiles etc. Intel 18A\18AP will have partial use as well but since most of the volume was Intel in 2027, there is a big hole in 18A wafer volume.

So, they write down all the idle fab on Intel 7 & 14, maintain underutilized Intel 4/3 fab (1 fab in ireland) and underutilized 18A fabs (fab 42/52) and outsource >>30% of wafer volume to TSMC and expect everyone to believe that economics work? So >3 leading edge EUV wafer fabs underutilized, atleast 1 Intel 6 fab (prev 7nm) & 1 Intel 16 fab (prev 14nm).

Counter argument from David Zinsner - we will win more customers for 18A along the way to make up for the outsourced Intel volume, would that customer be as large as Intel to replace most of Intel's outsourced wafer volume? If not the 18A fabs will remain underutilized. [SO, Intel does think they have capability to win customers on a node after its own use 2 year down the line to recover R&D costs - why that thinking does not extend to 14A - no clue]

So, a bunch of fabs that are underutilized (losing money as they are fixed costs), and a significant portion of your wafer volume is outsourced to TSMC. Gee! I wonder what that situation reminds me of? The answer is Intel in 2024 but only the outsourcing plan is a stop gap.

LBT should make up his mind if he wants to be committed external foundry or take Intel fabless. This strategy as described now sounds more like one leg on a boat and the other on the shore and I don't see how that works financially unless they can win considerable external customers which begs the question then why not win customers for 14A too (even on wave 1 or 2 or 3 to recuperate the R&D cost)?
Well, CFO had also mentioned that with the 18A test chips they had lost some customers: https://www.reuters.com/business/in...-chip-manufacturing-tech-cfo-says-2025-05-13/.
 
Intel could have been fabbing FinFET RISC-V chips for SiFive but they pulled the plug when they already had working silicon. Intel is just nearsighted as simple as that.
 
I think he knows what he is doing. Based on his comments on AI during the call, he understands it (but he did not explain his ideas clearly, a bit hard to decipher what he meant at the first instance):

 
Unless government policy or tariffs make it more economical. Was there a lesson anyone took away from cannonlake ? Who has track record to deliver and who is just talking maybe more humble now, LOL
Intel has been hiring mainly good talkers for the past 15 years, so they became very good at talking. :)
 
Intel has been hiring mainly good talkers for the past 15 years, so they became very good at talking. :)
you can say that for a lot of large high tech companies. at least this time with Intel, there is an outsider that can bring something fundamentally different.
 
Under Pat, they were doing 'shell first,' which is also politicians' favorite. You know, building shells spurs a lot of local and domestic economic activities.

As of the end of 2024, Intel had already spent $3.7 billion on constructing new fabs in New Albany, Ohio. I’ve always felt this decision is questionable. Intel could potentially achieve better efficiency and economies of scale by building new fabs at or near its existing sites in Arizona and Oregon.
 
I guess that Apples and Nvidias do not give a shxt about monopoly prices, as long as their competitors are paying the same prices. Also, Corp. executives are quite (and sometimes extremely) short-sighted, they usually don't worry about things that may (and may not) happen in 2 years out.
TSMC gross margins have gone from 48% to 58% over the past decade. What do you think they are going to go to when there is no alternative? Whatever the market will bear that won't kill overall demand. Intel is basically saying to fabless leading-edge chipmakers, commit to 14A or your margins will evaporate throughout the 2030s
 
Actually for leading node like 14A, I don’t think there are much customers that’s have the financial resources to be early adopters. Apple , AMD , Nvidia , Broadcom and hyperscalers? Amd and Nvidia is out of question. Apple doesn’t seem to have engaged in some discussions with Intel , at least not publicly announced. Hyperscalers actually use many parts and IP from Broadcom. So I m guessing Broadcom is that external customer that Intel is engaging with to build 14A from ground up to be a foundry node
Qualcomm, Mediatek, all the different hyperscalers through Broadcom/Marvell, and AI startups (Softbank, OpenAI, etc.)
 
TSMC gross margins have gone from 48% to 58% over the past decade. What do you think they are going to go to when there is no alternative? Whatever the market will bear that won't kill overall demand. Intel is basically saying to fabless leading-edge chipmakers, commit to 14A or your margins will evaporate throughout the 2030s
This is thing for me… TSMC margins are exploding and anytime anyone has margins like that there will always be competition; it’s just too lucrative.

I mean heck this is what happened to Intel Products where everyone came for their historically high margin lunch.

So I understand that leading edge semi manufacturing is one of the most expensive ventures humans have ever done, but when you’re looking at the insane margins of TSMC wouldn’t you — as the player who is closest to competing — go after that at nearly all costs? Like AMD did in going after Intel? It pays off in the long run if you win…

Nothing risked nothing gained. Hope LBT can land a customer and make that risk pay off instead of just hanging it up and making short term shareholders happy.
 
This is thing for me… TSMC margins are exploding and anytime anyone has margins like that there will always be competition; it’s just too lucrative.

I mean heck this is what happened to Intel Products where everyone came for their historically high margin lunch.

So I understand that leading edge semi manufacturing is one of the most expensive ventures humans have ever done, but when you’re looking at the insane margins of TSMC wouldn’t you — as the player who is closest to competing — go after that at nearly all costs? Like AMD did in going after Intel? It pays off in the long run if you win…

Nothing risked nothing gained. Hope LBT can land a customer and make that risk pay off instead of just hanging it up and making short term shareholders happy.
I don’t believe Intel is going to walk away from 14A. The threat was caveated all over the place and is meant to help spur it along. I think 14A will have highly competitive technology. If customers won’t come over if you have even competitive technology than why do it?

And there aren’t any other options except Samsung I guess that has been executing very badly for a while. It’ll happen.
 
I can't know what goes on behind the scenes. But it strikes me quite awkward. Intel is not TSMC and to this point it has not been particularly successful in engaging customers, has multiple efforts to become a fab without much success, has a well-documented fiasco with success on recent processes and is now under financial stress in a business that you need truckloads of money. Mentioning that if a customer does not appear to secure 14A future you will abandon it, is it possible to foster a positive culture or expectation for any company to invest its future products and billions of dollars given this Intel situation? I cannot understand who can take those risks. I repeat I do not know what is happening behind the scenes. Maybe Intel has demonstrated in private some process capabilities that are expected to outperform significantly TSMC in such a way that some companies are considering worthy to take the risk. Or maybe there is some political pressure and a few companies half-hearted take the risk, because they know that somehow they are going to be covered (or loose a government contract that maybe does not require such a competitive product - only that it is manufactured in the states).

I am scratching my head, with all the efforts to onshore manufacturing in the States, why Intel is not pursuing a strategy to heavily promote and build business on top of older nodes. The big checks are not there, but an overwhelming and lucrative part of many products in all sorts of categories and volumes, depends on chips that do not require these leading nodes. Maybe I am naive, but a customer would have a much greater confidence in using a proven node from a new foundry rather a new (and uncertain?) node from a new foundry. And although the money gained would be significantly less, those older nodes and fabs are already paid for, so they would constitute pure profit - and even maybe very aggressive pricing to gain customers. A few success stories + the knowledge gained in interacting with external customers and providing support, would be exceptional. After that, and hopefully with an advanced node that goes really well, Intel could scale its business in the domain. The non-leading edge landscape has a lot more competition, but on the other hand, other fabs only have those processes and manufacturing lines to get money. Intel, through its product division, has already paid the costs and made money on those lines. It is a competitive advantage that not many others in the industry enjoy.
 
AMD beat Intel because they shifted to the fabless business model. AMD didn't want to do this at first, but their hand was forced. I have been saying several years on this forum that Intel will eventually also need to become a fabless company if it's going to survive.
 
Why would Lip Bu mention the risk to 14a in earnings? He’s a smart industry leader. What is the upside to shareholders, customers, or employees by announcing this news?

Could it be he did it to insulate Intel from the liability of a ‘potential’ of a withdrawal on 14a? If you haven’t noticed, Intel has been sued numerous times for defrauding shareholders by concealing internal problems.

Maybe he did it to confuse or distract. Maybe he’s following his own mantra of ‘under promise and over deliver’.

Its hard to believe a nation and an ecosystem could sit idly by and watch one of the only remaining competitors in such a critical industry abandon ship and suffer the long term consequences. There must be more going on behind the scenes with government and industry leadership.

Maybe Lip Bu sees a path the rest of us don’t, which is what drives the value of a visionary leader. I can’t wait to watch the documentary and see how the story ends!
 
I am scratching my head, with all the efforts to onshore manufacturing in the States, why Intel is not pursuing a strategy to heavily promote and build business on top of older nodes. The big checks are not there, but an overwhelming and lucrative part of many products in all sorts of categories and volumes, depends on chips that do not require these leading nodes. Maybe I am naive, but a customer would have a much greater confidence in using a proven node from a new foundry rather a new (and uncertain?) node from a new foundry. And although the money gained would be significantly less, those older nodes and fabs are already paid for, so they would constitute pure profit - and even maybe very aggressive pricing to gain customers. A few success stories + the knowledge gained in interacting with external customers and providing support, would be exceptional. After that, and hopefully with an advanced node that goes really well, Intel could scale its business in the domain. The non-leading edge landscape has a lot more competition, but on the other hand, other fabs only have those processes and manufacturing lines to get money. Intel, through its product division, has already paid the costs and made money on those lines. It is a competitive advantage that not many others in the industry enjoy.
Until recently, Intel had always replaced older nodes with newer nodes, so many of those "pure profit" nodes have long since been eliminated. (I think the oldest process still in production is 22 nm(?) while TSMC still has >250 nm nodes.)

You're right. In principle, it makes sense: fully depreciated processes = printing money in perpetuity. Plus, you've got proven products and yields. However, Intel never intended to use their processes and PDKs for foundry services. Otherwise, Intel 10 and 7 would be ideal candidates.

Instead, it's been more worthwhile (financially, ecosystem-wise, customer adoption, etc.) to develop foundry services at the leading edge (18A and now 14A), which is a bit crazy when you think about it.
 
Until recently, Intel had always replaced older nodes with newer nodes, so many of those "pure profit" nodes have long since been eliminated. (I think the oldest process still in production is 22 nm(?) while TSMC still has >250 nm nodes.)

You're right. In principle, it makes sense: fully depreciated processes = printing money in perpetuity. Plus, you've got proven products and yields. However, Intel never intended to use their processes and PDKs for foundry services. Otherwise, Intel 10 and 7 would be ideal candidates.

Instead, it's been more worthwhile (financially, ecosystem-wise, customer adoption, etc.) to develop foundry services at the leading edge (18A and now 14A), which is a bit crazy when you think about it.
It is quite difficult to adapt Intel's old nodes for industry use. They have several collaborations going on (with UMC, for example), but it is not as trivial as just reusing the old equipment.

This situation should have been addressed at Intel 3 and/or 18A, but Pat Gelsinger probably didn't realize it until too late.
That being said, catching up to TSMC's leading edge with 18A itself has been a remarkable win for Intel, IMO. Very few people believed this four years ago.

I am still cautiously optimistic about Intel going forward. I am equally bullish on AMD, I have to add.
 
Intel needs to nail the 14A PPA and the TTM should be at least half a year before TSMC A14 considering 14A Risk Production is 2027 also they need a workable PDK not half assed like 18A.
If they had the node gap like they had they would have been fine attracting customer but it's not like that anymore. They need to have some secret sauce otherwise i don't have much hope for 14A.
 
It is quite difficult to adapt Intel's old nodes for industry use. They have several collaborations going on (with UMC, for example), but it is not as trivial as just reusing the old equipment.

This situation should have been addressed at Intel 3 and/or 18A, but Pat Gelsinger probably didn't realize it until too late.
That being said, catching up to TSMC's leading edge with 18A itself has been a remarkable win for Intel, IMO. Very few people believed this four years ago.

I am still cautiously optimistic about Intel going forward. I am equally bullish on AMD, I have to add.
Come to think of it, I wonder if Intel is involved in the process design in the UMC 12nm?
 
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